https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/the-early-history-of-opioids daily 0.75 2021-12-05 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/the-early-history-of-opioids/blog-post-title-two-8z3t9 monthly 0.5 2021-12-10 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61abdef3de56262d89a9e44a/1638653779316/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+4.34.34+PM.png The Early History of Opioids - America’s First Opioid Epidemic - Make it stand out An image depicting the debilitating results of an addict injecting opiates, taken from Drugs that Enslave. (The Opium, Morphine, Chloral and Hashisch Habits 3) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aaaf9773c87d326fc14627/1638576172989/2.3.22.jpg The Early History of Opioids - America’s First Opioid Epidemic - Make it stand out Wounded Civil War soldiers. These soldiers often received opiates to treat their injuries, leading to addiction (DEA Museum 2). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aab0692bb8616334e80d2d/1638658363801/imrs.php.jpeg The Early History of Opioids - America’s First Opioid Epidemic Opiates on a children’s medication that was seen as a cure to everything (DEA Museum) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/the-early-history-of-opioids/Blog Post Title One-78gs5 monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61acf950ccde911eb4c2a7bd/1638725985823/image_2021-12-05_123918.png The Early History of Opioids - The Chinese Opium Wars - Make it stand out (Marshal 3) Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3psN0Vx https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/the-early-history-of-opioids/wvygv5ahz1tc82k0fvewy5gmg19afw monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61ac3e7643a153045e14bb69/1638678134407/Tribune_April_16_1915.jpg The Early History of Opioids - What the First Opioid Epidemic Revealed About Early 20th-Century American Society - Make it stand out A news article detailing the Harrison Narcotics Act, (La Crosse Public Library Archives 3) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-modern-times daily 0.75 2021-12-06 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-modern-times/blog-post-title-three-sxjnc monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61ad3c79347aed563a426ced/1638743161798/Screen+Shot+2021-12-05+at+5.25.21+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Understanding the Disproportionate Impacts of the Current Opioid Epidemic - Make it stand out Retrieved from https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/private/pdf/259261/ASPEEconomicOpportunityOpioidCrisis.pdf https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61ad3922655a330602b1e47a/1638742306296/james-nachtwey-opioid-addiction-america-23.jpg Opioids In Modern Times - Understanding the Disproportionate Impacts of the Current Opioid Epidemic - Make it stand out Image taken from a recent photo essay of a woman injecting herself with opioids in the cold. Retrieved from https://time.com/james-nachtwey-opioid-addiction-america/ https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-modern-times/blog-post-title-two-nzg89 monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa8703606b510c153c0000/1638565635789/Screen+Shot+2021-12-03+at+2.57.13+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Economics of the Opioid Crisis - Make it stand out Figure 2: Inflation rate from 1970 to 2000 (Bureau of Economic Analysis Data 3) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa86fa37b60f35beea8632/1638565626730/Screen+Shot+2021-12-03+at+2.58.22+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Economics of the Opioid Crisis - Make it stand out Figure 1: KFF analysis (Bureau of Economic Analysis Data 4) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa870dc8bb7b6730551111/1638565645653/Screen+Shot+2021-12-03+at+2.57.19+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Economics of the Opioid Crisis - Make it stand out Figure 3: Death Rates for Opioid Overdose from National Vital Statistics System Mortality File (National Vital Statistics System 5) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-modern-times/Blog Post Title One-d4bc2 monthly 0.5 2021-12-06 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa9bcd600fa262e199fcc6/1638659992455/image_2021-12-03_173555.png Opioids In Modern Times - Marketing and Development: The Strategy of Addiction - Make it stand out (American Family Physician 4) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa9cb251eba173019fdc5f/1638571186640/williamfannin.jpeg Opioids In Modern Times - Marketing and Development: The Strategy of Addiction - Make it stand out Dr. William T. Fannin (Mitchel 4) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aabd9976182359260b0e69/1638762357460/image_2021-12-03_200004.png Opioids In Modern Times - Marketing and Development: The Strategy of Addiction Morphine (left) compared to an endogenous endorphin (right), demonstrating their similar chemical structures (Papini) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-modern-times/opioids-in-the-news monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb756e0d51341b15c1c8/1638661801523/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.33.48+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (1) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb77de56262d89aef8de/1638661843439/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.34.15+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (2) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb7b2a5a2d654019d14b/1638661859027/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.34.41+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (3) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb7eee1b8d04e4a4d7ad/1638661872146/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.35.06+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (4) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb85f2cfd250ac5f7178/1638661909836/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.35.23+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (5) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb878bf44239e5e19562/1638661932509/Screen%2BShot%2B2021-12-04%2Bat%2B6.35.37%2BPM.jpg Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (6) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfb91d70c547d4a7eb36d/1638661937935/Screen+Shot+2021-12-04+at+6.35.59+PM.png Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (7) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/61abfb75105c924fcc36bff6/61abfca7a5429a6bde63a46c/1638661950922/Screen%2BShot%2B2021-12-04%2Bat%2B6.41.00%2BPM.jpg Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - (8) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa93f4b00e2a6fd7aa1d64/1638568948282/GettyImages-1167644936.jpg Opioids In Modern Times - Opioids in the News - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/conclusions daily 0.75 2021-12-05 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/conclusions/blog-post-title-one-nz4aa monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/conclusions/blog-post-title-two-j7wpz monthly 0.5 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61abdb116f939554a6833384/1638652689932/image_2021-12-04_161807.png Conclusions - Opioids as a Pharmakon - Make it stand out Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3Inig0u https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/home daily 1.0 2021-12-06 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/opioids-in-durham daily 0.75 2021-12-04 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/applications-to-durham daily 0.75 2021-12-04 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61abace530cbd27514385eb2/1638641008276/graph5.png Applications to Durham - Make it stand out Figure 2: Community Naloxone Reversals in Durham 2013-2020 (graph self-created using R). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a92fdecea7405fd54ef27a/1638639904542/Screen+Shot+2021-12-02+at+3.42.20+PM.png Applications to Durham - Make it stand out Vipul Patel and employees filling and checking prescriptions at Gurley’s Pharmacy (Image self-taken) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a92828da391f4d23796892/1638640987044/graph1.png Applications to Durham - Make it stand out Figure 1: % Illicit Opioid Death Per Year in Durham 2005-2020 (graph self-created using R) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a931b8e91fa07d1a8ac630/1638639920398/Screen+Shot+2021-12-02+at+3.50.05+PM.png Applications to Durham - Make it stand out Mrs. Shelida of Gurley’s Pharmacy working individually with patients to find their correct medication (Image self-taken) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a92b75a2e03a099446e58c/1638480882801/graph3.png Applications to Durham Figure 2: Comparison in Opioid and Drug related statistics between Durham and NC (North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services 1) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a933f21cb1d84a30c52aa6/1638639641442/Screen+Shot+2021-12-02+at+3.59.40+PM.png Applications to Durham - Gurley’s Pharmacy during the Black Lives Matter Protests (Image self-taken) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/statistical-methods-used daily 0.75 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a94dab3faeba618bcf5278/1638485452602/graph5.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 6: Community Naloxone Reversals in Durham (2013-2020) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a94bc5a644376b96019667/1638485366884/graph1.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 5: % Illicit Opioid Death Per Year in Durham https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a94a3815d43b665b894c92/1638484546616/code3.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 3: This set of code filters the dataset to only include Durham and the amount of community naloxone reversals. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a94aa983ad3909f999c979/1638484649706/code4.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 4: This code plots the filtered dataset, placing years on the X-axis and community Naloxone Reversals on the Y- axis. A regression line could not be created due to the format of the data class of community naloxone reversals in the dataset. Regardless, it can be observed that between 2013 and 2019, there was a strong linear increase in community Naloxone Reversals. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a9495109bb0052441714ca/1638732009663/code2.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 2: This set of code plots the filtered dataset and creates a regression line, placing year on the X-axis, and % illicit opioid death on the Y-axis. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61a94878aace4567cb3d44e3/1638484357506/code1.png Statistical Methods Used Figure 1: This set of code filters the dataset to only include Durham and the rate of Illicit Opioid Overdose death. https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/about daily 0.75 2021-12-05 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61aa36726646466a7da7ec15/1638545014812/58816F8F-0650-480C-B409-EFADC26598A3.jpeg About - We are Zain, Brandon, Saajan, Balraj, andRichie — Group 7 in Dr. Evan Hepler-Smith’s Drugs, Chemicals, and Health Class. We are undergraduate students at Duke University engaging in a semester-long research project studying the history of opioids. We are aiming to tell the story of opioids in the context of greater societal forces such as economics, imperialism, classism, and nativism. Our project is the product of extensive research of various primary and secondary sources. We hope you enjoy our work. Image Citation (Schramm 3) https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/welcome daily 0.75 2021-12-04 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61a8e5815936633fbf529186/t/61abe39ffa54d9246db479c8/1638654904270/image_2021-12-04_165436.png Welcome - Make it stand out Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3DofrZI https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/old-bibliography daily 0.75 2021-12-03 https://www.thehistoryoftheopioidepidemic.com/bibliography daily 0.75 2021-12-08